Elephant Foot Disease Or Lymphatic Filariasis

Elephant foot disease or lymphatic filariasis is caused by the Filariodide worm that infects lymph nodes. This worm enters the human body with mosquitoes.

Elephant foot disease is commonly found in tropical regions. Overall there are 1.23 billion people worldwide who are at risk of being infected with this disease. 

How Can Elephant Leg Disease Spread?

As a tropical country, Indonesia is a comfortable place for mosquitoes to breed. Therefore, it is only natural that more than one hundred million people are at risk of being infected with this disease.

When a mosquito sucks on someone's blood containing filarial worms, the worm will also infect mosquitoes. Furthermore, mosquitoes that have been infected will spread filaria worms when biting others. The filarial worm larvae will then stay in the lymph vessels.

It is in the lymph vessels that filarial worm larvae will grow up and multiply. Adult worms themselves can live up to 7 years in human lymph vessels. They will spread millions of worms into blood vessels so that when bitten, mosquitoes can transmit them to others.

What are the symptoms of elephantiasis?

In fact, someone who is infected with this worm cannot be immediately ascertained because this disease has several phases, namely without symptoms, acute, and chronic.

Asymptomatic phase

When someone is infected with a filarial worm, he or she will not immediately show certain symptoms. However, in this phase actually there has been damage to the lymph flow system and spleen, along with changes in the immune system.

Acute phase

It is characterized by inflammation of the skin, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels, which usually accompany chronic swollen lymph nodes, and elephantiasis. This is caused by the immune system's response to parasites. Symptoms that can occur in the acute phase include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and swelling in the legs and scrotum.

Chronic phase

Upon entering the chronic phase, swollen lymph tissue and thickening of the skin on the legs and testicles can occur. In women, swelling can occur in the breasts and genital organs.
How To Prevent And Treat Elephantiasis
Because it involves mosquitoes as intermediaries, the way to prevent elephantiasis is to avoid mosquito bites as much as possible, especially in the morning and evening. The trick is to clean the environment so that mosquitoes do not nest, sleep using mosquito nets, wear long clothes while doing activities outside the home, and apply mosquito repellent on the skin that is not covered with clothes.
Taking regular worm medicine every year can kill worm larvae in the bloodstream. If someone has suffered from elephantiasis, he or she will be advised to take antiparasitic drugs, such as albendazole and ivermectin, or with diethylcarbamazine citrate. These drugs are effective for cleansing the blood of microfilariae, while preventing the spread to others. To eradicate adult worms, doxycycline drugs can be used. The use of the above drugs also acts as a prevention against elephantiasis transmission in the community.
For filarial worm infections that cause large swelling in the scrotum or the part of the eye, surgery may be needed.
Because basically all people are susceptible to elephantiasis, then it is only natural to be vigilant and preventive from an early age. Maintaining environmental hygiene and personal hygiene is also important to prevent the spread of elephantiasis.

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Disease Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is caused by injury or abnormal development of the brain, most often before birth. Signs and symptoms appear during infancy or preschool. In general, cerebral palsy causes movement disorders associated with excessive reflex or stiffness, abnormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteadiness when walking, or some combination of these disorders. The effects of cerebral palsy on functional abilities vary widely.

People with cerebral palsy often have other conditions associated with abnormal brain development, such as intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing problems, or seizures. A broad spectrum of treatments can help reduce the effects of cerebral palsy and improve the functional capabilities of a person.

Causes of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is caused by a disorder or disturbance in brain development, typically before a child is born. In many cases, the exact trigger of this disorder is unknown. Factors that could cause problems with brain development, including:

1. Mutations in genes that control brain development.
2. Infection in mothers that affect fetal development.
3. Fetal stroke, interruption of blood supply to the developing brain.
4. Lack of oxygen to the brain (asphyxia) associated with difficult labor.
5. Baby infections that cause inflammation in or around the brain.
6. Trauma, such as head injuries in infants from motor vehicle accidents, falls, or child abuse.

Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy can vary widely. And coordination of movement disorders associated with cerebral palsy may include:

1. Disorders of the muscles, which is too stiff or too weak
2. Stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity)
3. Stiff muscles with normal reflexes (stiffness)
4. Lack of muscle coordination (ataxia)
5. Vibration or involuntary movements
6. Slow movements (athetosis)
7. The delay in reaching motor skills
8. Prefer to use one side of the body, such as dragging his feet when crawling
9. Difficulty walking, such as walking or running style squat
10. difficulty swallowing
11. Difficulty sucking or eating
12. Delays in the development of speech or trouble speaking
13. Difficulty with precise motions

Treatment of cerebral palsy

Children and adults with cerebral palsy will require some degree of long-term care with the medical care team. Drugs that can reduce muscle tension can be used to improve functional ability, treat pain and manage complications associated with spasticity. Drug selection depends on whether the problem only affects certain muscles (isolated) or the whole body (general).

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DISEASE MELIOIDOSIS

Melioidosis (also called Whitmore disease or Nightcliff gardener's disease) is an infectious disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in soil and water. It is of public health importance in endemic areas, particularly in Thailand and northern Australia. It exists in acute and chronic forms. Symptoms may include pain in the chest, bones, or joints; cough skin infections, the nodes of the lung, and pneumonia.

Most likely you have never suffered from or know what the disease melioidosis? Because apart from rare cases, counseling or publication was not much. In fact, the disease is not less dangerous than other diseases caused by germs. So also with the proposed research is still not getting adequate servings from the authorities because they still lost by disease studies are considered more urgent.

Melioidosis disease itself is a kind of infectious disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei. The disease usually is often equated with the glander infectious disease of horses that can be fatal if not dealt with quickly.

Glander own illness and dangerous distinction begins with an abscess in the mucous membrane that then become ulcers inside. The disease is also dangerous when it attacks the human lymphatic system. However, one thing that must be noted, is different from disease-causing melioidosis own. The disease melioidosis is endemic in tropical countries such as Southeast Asia. In fact, we were lucky country has not reported anyone affected by this disease.

Many reported that melioidosis is often the case in Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and our neighboring countries. Meanwhile, outside of Southeast Asia, the countries whose citizens had ever contract the disease include northern Australia, India, Africa, and some countries in the Middle East. Interestingly, it turns out disease bacteria can be used as biological weapons or terrorist activities. From there, start a lot of research happenings held bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis.

The disease is usually transmitted by infected animals Burkholderia some of these pseumdomallei like pigs, rabbits, dogs, sheep, horses, sheep, and cat. So, you must be careful when interacting or cleaning up the animals, especially pets. Usually, people will be infected with the direct contact between human skin with soil or water contaminated with the bacteria. Germs are usually derived from animal waste which then contaminate soil and water, particularly in agricultural land which is already commonly used manure.

Or the transmission process itself can occur when humans consume contaminated water or breathing dust so that the bacteria entered the body.

Note also that these germs usually enter the body through skin abrasions or injured, either due to sharp objects or gunshot wounds. Hence, the troops are exposed to injuries and a lot of moves in the forests highly vulnerable to the bacteria that causes the disease melioidosis.

Treatment of melioidosis

The killing of the bacteria that are already entered into the body can be done in such amoxilin antibiotics, penicillin, azlocilin, clavulcanic acid, aztreonam, and others.

Treatment with antibiotics should be done when it was discovered the symptoms as mentioned above. Which is usually the case, people are less responsive to rare disease or never socialized by the government.

In fact, this type of disease is equally requires serious attention, especially for those who frequently interact with the animals who allegedly droppings can cause and transmit the bacterium Burkholderia.

Provision of antibiotic drugs should be performed before your own family members or affected by this disease. You must be willing umbrella before it rains. Keeping yourself before this dangerous disease.

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LEPTOSPIROSIS DISEASE IN HUMANS

Leptospirosis is a disease transmitted by rodents (rat urine) is prevented by eradicating rats and hygiene utensils. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by Leptospira sp. which can be transmitted from animals to humans or vice versa (zoonoses). Leptospirosis also known as Weil's disease, fever Icterohemorrhage, Disease Swineherd's, Fever pesawah (Ricefield fever), fever Cutting cane (Cane-cutter fever), fever Lumpur, Jaundis bloody, Disease Stuttgart, fever canicola, jaundice non-virus, the disease red water on the calf, and typhoid dog.

Infection in the subacute form is not so show clinical symptoms, whereas acute infection characterized by symptoms of sepsis, interstitial nephritis, hemolytic anemia, hepatitis and miscarriage. Leptospirosis in animals is usually subclinical. In this state, the patient showed no clinical symptoms of disease. Leptospira survive a long time in the kidneys of animals so that the bacteria will be a lot of animals released through urine.

Leptospirosis in animals may occur many months whereas in humans only last for 60 days. Humans are the last landlady to human transmission is rare.

This disease was first reported in 1886 by Adolf Weil with symptoms of high fever accompanied by some nervous symptoms and an enlarged liver and spleen. Disease with the symptoms mentioned above by Goldsmith (1887) referred to as Weil's Disease. In 1915 Inada proved that "Weil's Disease" is caused by the bacterium Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae.

In Indonesia, the most common infection in mice through flood conditions. The state of flooding caused changes to the environment as many puddles, the environment becomes muddy, muddy, and many piles of garbage that causes Leptospira bacteria breed easily. Flood-borne rat urine then enters the body through broken skin surfaces, mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. So far the mice are the main reservoir and at the same spreader leptospirosis, because it acts as a natural host and have a high reproductive power. Some other animals such as cows, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, dogs leptospirosis can be attacked, but the potential to infect humans are not as big as a mouse.

The incubation period for leptospirosis in humans is 2-26 days. Manifestations of leptospirosis infection have a very varied and sometimes without symptoms, so it often goes wrong diagnosis. L. Infection interrogans may be subclinical infection characterized by mild to severe cold, Almost 15-40 percent of patients exposed to infection are asymptomatic but serologically positive. Approximately 90 percent of people with mild jaundis, while 5-10 percent by weight jaundis often known as Weil's disease. Spira disease course consists of two phases, namely phase and phase immune septisemik. At the phase transition period for 1-3 days condition of the patient improved. In addition there is Weil's Syndrome which is a severe form of leptospirosis infection.

Septisemik phase is known as the initial phase or phases leptospiremik because the bacteria can be isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and most of the body's tissues. At this stage, the patient will experience flu-like symptoms for 4-7 days, characterized by fever, chills, and muscle weakness. Other symptoms are sore throat, cough, chest pain, vomiting of blood, headache, fear of light, mental disorders, inflammation of the lining of the brain, as well as an enlarged spleen and liver.

Immune phase is often called the second phase or leptospirurik because antibodies can be detected circulating bacteria isolation from urine, and may not be available anymore from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. This phase occurs in 0-30 days due to the response of the body's defense against infection. Symptoms depend body's organs such as the lining of the brain, heart, eyes or kidneys.

If the lining of the brain is attacked, there will be depression, anxiety, and headaches. In liver function tests obtained jaundis, liver enlargement (hepatomegaly), and signs of coagulopathy. Lung disorders such as cough, coughing up blood, and difficulty breathing. Bleeding and hematologic disorders such as an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly). Abnormalities of heart failure or heart marked pericarditis. Aseptic meningitis is the most important clinical manifestations of immune phase.

Leptospirosis can be isolated from the blood for 24-48 hours after the onset of jaundis. In 30 percent of patients have diarrhea or difficulty in bowel movements (constipation), vomiting, weakness, and sometimes a decrease in appetite. Sometimes there is bleeding under the eyelid and renal impairment in 50 percent of patients, and lung disorders in 20-70 percent of patients.

Symptoms are also determined by the infecting serovar. As many as 83 percent of patients with infections of L. icterohaemorrhagiae jaundiced, and 30 percent in L. pomona. L. Infection grippotyphosa generally cause digestive system disorders. While L. pomona or L. canicola often causes inflammationof the lining of the brain (meningitis).

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CHIKUNGUNYA DISEASE

Symptoms, Treatment, And Prevention Of Chikungunya Disease

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease caused by a type of alphavirus that is spread by the bite of mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti. Its name comes from a word in the Makonde language which means "curved upward", referring to the body that bends due to arthritis symptoms of this disease.

Symptoms of Chikungunya

The main symptoms of Chikungunya disease is the body suddenly felt a fever followed by rheumatic pain in joints . In fact , as one of the typical symptoms is the emergence of a sense of fatigue , pain , pain also arises in the bones , some call it a bone fever or flu- bone . The symptoms are similar to dengue virus infection with a slight difference in certain things . This virus is transferred from one patient to another patient through the mosquito , Aedes aegypti , among others . virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito will breed in the human body . virus attacks all ages , both children and adults in endemic areas . Patients will experience a sudden high fever for five days , so it is also known term fever five days . In young children begins with sudden onset of fever , skin redness . Red rash that appears after 3-5 days . Red eye usually accompanied by flu-like signs . Febrile seizures are common child . In older children , fever is usually followed by pain in muscles and joints , and enlarged lymph nodes . In adults , the symptoms of joint and muscle pain is dominant and to cause temporary paralysis due to pain when walking . Sometimes arise nausea to vomiting . In general fever in children only lasts for three days with no or very little bleeding and shock encountered . The difference with dengue fever , chikungunya there in severe bleeding , shock and death .

In lndonesian, Chikungunya fever was first reported in 1973 in Samarinda. Then outbreak in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi, 1980. Further spread Martapura 1983, Ternate and Yogyakarta. After vacuum nearly 20 years, beginning in 2001 an outbreak of chikungunya fever occurred in Muara Enim, South Sumatra and Aceh. Bogor followed in October. Chikungunya fever outbreak then again in Bekasi (West Java), Purworedjo and Klaten (Central Java) in 2002.

Prevention of Chikungunya

The only way to avoid this disease is to avoid / eradicate mosquitoes carrying the virus. These mosquitoes like to live and breed in stagnant water such as bathtubs, vases of flowers, and also cans or bottles that hold water clean. Black and white patterned insect is also happy to live in objects such as hanging clothes in the back of the bedroom door. In addition, these mosquitoes also like dark and stuffy place.

Chikungunya Treatment

There is no vaccine or specific drug for chikungunya. Simply taking symptomatic medications (relief of symptoms) as a febrifuge or pain relievers. Importantly enough rest, drink, and nutritious food. Chikungunya virus is a self-limiting disease including alias will disappear by itself. However, the pain will still be there in a matter of weeks.

For patients with Chikungunya, it is advisable to eat nutritious foods, especially carbohydrates and sufficient protein and drink as much as possible. Expand consume fresh fruits. We recommend drinking fresh fruit juice. After over five days, the fever gradually subsided, feeling pain or pain in the joints and muscles is reduced, and the sufferer will be cured as before. Endurance-enhancing vitamins are also useful for dealing with this disease. Endurance is good and adequate rest can make sense of pain in the joints quickly disappear. Drinking lots of water is also recommended for the relief of symptoms of fever.

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DISEASE OF TONSILS

In order systems the human mouth, there is a group of lymphoid tissue found in the throat, behind the two ends of the exact folding rear of the mouth. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsil called tonsil or we often call it. Tonsillectomy is actually one of the lymph nodes that work against a variety of infections.

Unwittingly, the germs that enter through food often cause infection in the tonsils, causing tonsil disease, which is characterized by swelling of the tonsils. Specifically, the tonsils are disease-causing germs or bacteria in the mouth, or it could also be due to allergy to certain foods one composition.

Of the various types of food cause the tonsils, foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG) was allegedly the main cause of this disease. MSG own content can be obtained from foods such as deep fried foods, spicy foods, greasy foods, and others. These foods are potentially provide immunity to the bacteria so it is easy to grow in the throat.

SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF DISEASES TONSILS

Symptoms Of Tonsillitis

In the early days of infection, tonsillitis disease patients generally feel pain in the head, fever and chills. Furthermore, the pain arises in the throat, difficulty swallowing, followed by swelling of the lymph nodes in the jaw. Given the cause of the disease is bacterial tonsillitis, then certainly this disease can be transmitted. Media transmission itself through the air, saliva, including the breath that blows from the patient.

Prevention Of Disease Of Tonsils

Efforts to avoid diseases of the tonsils can be done in various ways such as avoiding foods with high fat, excess food with MSG content, or cold drinks. Wash hands before eating and avoid using equipment that is used by people, such as plates, spoons, cups, towels, blankets and others.

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Malaria kills more people worldwide than thought

Malaria kills more people worldwide than thought: research. 

WASHINGTON (Xinhua) -- Malaria is killing more people worldwide than previously thought, but the number of deaths has fallen rapidly as efforts to combat the disease have ramped up, according to a new research from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.

    

More than 1.2 million people died from malaria worldwide in 2010, nearly twice the number found in the most recent comprehensive study of the disease. The researchers say that deaths from malaria have been missed by previous studies because of the assumption that the disease mainly kills children under five. They found that more than 78,000 children aged 5 to 14, and more than 445,000 people aged 15 and older died from malaria in 2010, meaning that 42 percent of all malaria deaths were in people aged 5 and older.

"You learn in medical school that people exposed to malaria as children develop immunity and rarely die from malaria as adults," said Christopher Murray, the study's lead author. "What we have found in hospital records, death records, surveys and other sources shows that just is not the case."

    

The study also found that while the overall number of malaria deaths is higher than earlier reports, the trend in malaria deaths has followed a similar downward pattern. Starting in 1985, malaria deaths grew every year before peaking in 2004 at 1.8 million deaths worldwide. Since then, the number of deaths has fallen annually and, between 2007 and 2010, the decline in deaths has been more than seven percent each year.

Researchers say the biggest drivers of the decline in malaria deaths have been the scaleup of insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-combination treatments. This has been accomplished through the advent of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria & Tuberculosis in 2001 and the creation of organizations focused on fighting malaria, such as the World Health Organization's Roll Back Malaria, Malaria No More and Nothing But Nets. Overall funding for malaria efforts grew from less than 250 million U.S. dollars annually in 2001 to more than two billion in 2009, according to the researchers' latest estimates.

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Prevent And Treat Cancer Of The Spinal Cord Or Multiple Myeoma

Prevent and treat cancer of the spinal cord.

This is one of the world's rarest diseases. Imagine only 2-3 people per 100,000 people who may be exposed to this aggressive cancer. The cause and cure not yet found. The disease is common in men and women with a ratio of 3:2, blacks more often affected than whites, and are commonly found in over 40 years of age. Cases in patients aged less than 40 years under three percent.

Recent studies have not determined the cause of this spinal marrow cancer. But there are some risk factors of developing myeloma, such as exposure to chemicals or germs, changes in genes, and obesity.

Cases of spinal cancer is most common metastasis, which is cancer originating from other parts of the body and spreads to the spine. When cancer spreads or comes in this area, usually affecting one or more sections of the spine. If a person develops cancer of the spine, either primary or secondary, it will show different symptoms of the disease. cancer can not only damage the bones of the back but also damage the spinal cord sufferers.

The most common sign of cancer of the bone in the spinal cord is a pain in the neck or back. The pain will be continuous and accompanied by other symptoms. This pain can be just in the back, they can also spread to other limbs.

Its development depends only on the location of abnormal growth. If small amounts of cancer causing inflammation and irritation, pain usually remains behind.

If the cancer is pressing against a nerve, pain diffuse out to the "branches" are related. No matter the source of pain, cancer of the spine cause chronic discomfort.

Spinal cord cancer can also cause incontinence. These symptoms are very similar to a weakness, because the pressure on certain nerves in the spine that is responsible for controlling the performance of bladder and bowel. If the impulse is interrupted, can cause one to lose control of their bladder, bowel, or both.

The development begins with the growth of cancer cells plasma cells, which is one part of white blood cells in the bone marrow that is not normal. Plasma cells in normal conditions it is necessary, because it produces proteins called antibodies, as part of the immune system.

In patients with myeloma, plasma cells exceeded normal levels. Of the five percent plasma cells that should exist in the spinal cord, in patients with this cancer can be two-fold measure. These abnormal plasma cells are not just sitting in the spinal cord, but also on other body parts, and often found in the pelvis, ribs, and skull-because it's called multiple myeloma. Antibodies produced any increase.

Abnormal antibodies that had accumulated in the blood or urine, sometimes found also in areas other than bone, such as the lungs and reproductive organs. Fraction of abnormal antibodies (Bence-Jones proteins) often accumulate in the kidney, damage and trigger kidney failure.

In addition, patients experiencing anemia, because the cells producing normal red blood cells in bone marrow replaced by abnormal cells. The blood thickens (hyperviscosity syndrome) can affect blood flow to the brain, skin, fingers and toes, and nose.

Along with the development of cancer of the spine, a person may suffer from paralysis. Depending on the severity of cancer, paralysis can be isolated to one limb. The size and location of growth to determine the amount of paralysis, because the cancer can get to the point where the nerves seem to break or lesion has been formed on the nerve itself.

Myeloma treatment such as chemotherapy are done these days is limited to prevent or reduce symptoms and complications, slow disease progression, and destroy the abnormal plasma cells. In addition to chemotherapy, stem cell therapy (stem cell) is known as a way to reduce spinal cord cancer. Cancer that has lost it would appear again.

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Prevent And Cope With Inflammatory Disease Of The Brain (Encephalitis)

Prevent And Cope With Inflammatory Disease Of The Brain (Encephalitis).

Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection. Sometimes encephalitis can be caused by bacterial infections, such as meningitis, or complications from other diseases like rabies (viral) or syphilis (caused by bacteria). Protozoan parasites and diseases such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, can also cause encephalitis in people with immune system is less. Brain damage occurs because the brain is pushed against the skull and cause death.

Symptoms of encephalitis include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, sensitivity to light vision, a stiff neck and back, confusion, state of drowsiness, clumsiness, unsteady gait, and easily aroused. Loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, attacks, muscle weakness, severe dementia who suddenly and memory loss can also be found in patients with encephalitis.

Did you ever get headaches? If yes, do you often experience? Be careful if you experience frequent headaches. It could be a headache that is too often a cause you are experiencing inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).

Although not the primary cause of headaches, but if the headaches accompanied by nausea and vomiting constantly, no appetite and weak pulse quickly, it could be a sign that you have an inflammatory disease of the brain (encephalitis).

Anyone experiencing symptoms of encephalitis should see a doctor immediately.

How can we know when the pain will experience inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)? There are several symptoms or signs can you look to see if it is inflammation of the brain or not, among other things:

1. Headache healthy and occur repeatedly, especially in the forehead. When given paracetamol, has no effect whatsoever.
2. High fever and is accompanied by a stiff neck.
3. Headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
4. Decreased level of consciousness and often looks confused.
5. Visionaries and the listener senses become disturbed. Like blurred vision and can not stand to see a very bright light (photophobia), and can not bear to hear loud noises (phonophobia).
6. For most patients with meningitis are experiencing a seizure.

Do not underestimate inflammatory disease of the brain (encephalitis) or infection of the brain that affects children. The reason, they can lead to impaired and aggressive behavior.

Children who experience brain infection is caused due to viral encephalitis. If allowed severe or acute, it can damage the brain and difficult to cure completely.

In conditions of children affected (encephalitis) mild inflammation of the brain in one to two months can be cured. Provided known early, get treatment and get proper nutrition and proper handling.

In acute inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), there will be side effects of other viruses that appear. And it will aggravate the condition. For the medical team must control the virus due to inflammation of the brain does not cause injury but very deadly.

In inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) are acute, can cause a child has sequele or permanent disability. In addition they will also experience behavioral disorders, aggressiveness, concentration is lost and easy seizure.

For that child to be recovered, the recovery required on his aggressiveness, emergency problems, providing exercise and other behaviors.

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Preventing And Treating Vaginal Cancer

Preventing and treating vaginal cancer.

The vagina is the tube that connects the mouth and neck of the uterus with the outside of the body. Cancers that attack the vagina is usually found in the vaginal canal or on the wall of the vagina.

This cancer generally affects women who enter menopause. Yet it does not mean young women affected by this disease is not possible. Also a major risk faced by women who do not maintain the cleanliness of the vagina as well as women who frequent sexual intercourse mutually exchange partner.

The vagina is 7.5 to 10 cm along the channel, its upper end connected to the cervix / lowest part of the uterus, while its lower end connected to the vulva.

Vaginal wall lined by epithelium that is formed from squamous cells. Under the epithelium there is connective tissue, involuntary muscles, lymph nodes and innervation. The walls of the vagina have many folds that help to keep it open during vaginal intercourse or childbirth takes place.

There are several types of vaginal cancer:

1. Squamous cell carcinoma (85-90%).

• Derived from the epithelium lining the vagina. More commonly found in the upper vagina.
• Squamous carcinoma is usually found in women aged 60-80 years.
• Verukosa carcinoma is a type of squamous cell carcinoma is slow growing. These carcinomas grow toward the vaginal cavity and look like warts or cauliflower.

2. Adenocarcinoma (5-10%).

• Adenocarcinoma is most common in women aged 12-30 years.

3. Malignant melanoma (2-3%).

• Derived from pigment-producing cells, were more common in the lower vagina.

4. Sarcoma (2-3%).

• This cancer grows deep within the vaginal wall, rather than the epithelium.
• There are several types of sarcomas, the most frequently found is leiomiosarkoma, who attacked women aged 50 years and over.
• Rabdomiosarkoma is a cancer in childhood, usually occurring before the age of 3 years. Their cells are similar to voluntary muscle cells, which is a network which under normal circumstances not found in the vaginal wall.
• Squamous cell carcinomas do not grow all of a sudden, this cancer develops over many years from a precancerous changes called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasi vagina.

The cause of vaginal cancer:
-The menopause.
-The habit of smoking.
-Women develop cervical cancer.
-Women who love sex couples mutually.
-First sexual intercourse during teenage years (adolescents).
-Infection with HPV (human papilloma virus).

Risk factor for vaginal cancer:

1. Of age.

• Approximately 50% of patients with squamous carcinoma were women aged 60 years and older.
• Most cases of vaginal cancer found in women aged 50-70 years.

2. DES (diethylstilbestrol).

• DES is a hormonal drug that is widely used in 1940-1970 to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women.
• As many as 1 in 1000 women whose mothers took DES, suffered a net cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina maupun cervix. The highest risk occurs if the mother take DES at 16 weeks gestation.

3. Vaginal adenosis.

• Under normal circumstances the vagina is covered by flat cells called squamous cells.
• In about 40% of women who have experienced menstruation, the vagina can be found certain areas covered by cells similar to cells found in the uterine glands and lining the bottom of the uterus. This situation is called adenosis.
• This happens in almost all women exposed to DES during fetal development.

4. Infection with HPV (human papilloma virus).

• HPV is the virus that causes genital warts are transmitted through sexual contact.

As for symptoms or signs of vaginal cancer is, sufferers may also experience vaginal bleeding (often after sexual intercourse) or watery discharge from her vagina. Vaginal cancer causes damage to the lining of the vagina and cause the formation of open sores that can bleed and become infected.If a large cancer can affect the function of the bladder and rectum so that the patient experiencing urgency to urinate and pain when urinating. Abnormal discharge from the vagina, there was a lump, pain during sexual intercourse. In advanced cancer will arise pain when urinating, constipation and persistent pelvic pain.

As for how to prevent vaginal cancer are:

1.  Maintain cleanliness of the vagina. Wash the outside of the vagina with clean warm water. avoid the use of products such as vaginal cleaning fluid or powder. Remember douching will make the pH of the vagina become imbalanced and off commensal bacteria (bacteria that live in the vagina) which is a "keeper" of the vagina.

2. Health examination. Every women are encouraged to do regular checks to avoid the development of cancer cells. Since the development of this disease runs in stages and take many years, so if it is not detected from the beginning of this virus can continue to grow without being able to be prevented again.

Treatment of vaginal cancer:

Treatment and treatment of vaginal cancer depends on the severity. Wide local excision can be performed (removal of the cancer and some surrounding tissue is then performed skin grafting), Vaginektomi (removal of the vagina). eksenterasi (removal of the cervix, uterus, vagina and bladder), the provision of cancer drugs (chemotherapy), radiation (radiotherapy).

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