SMOKING CAN LEAD TO HEART DISEASE
INTRODUCTION
The heart is a muscular organ, conical, hollow and with its base above and below the peak. Its apex (top) tilted to the left. Heart weight approximately 300 grams. In order for the heart to function as an efficient pump, the heart muscles, cavity top and bottom of the cavity must contract alternately. The rate of the heartbeat or pulse-pumping action is controlled naturally by a "regulatory rhythm". It consists of a group in particular, called nodes sinotrialis, located in the wall of the right atrium. An electrical impulse is transmitted from the node to the second platform sinotrialis make both contracts simultaneously. The electrical current is then passed to the chamber walls, which in turn makes the ventricles to contract simultaneously. Period of contraction is called systole. Furthermore, this period was followed by a short relaxation period - about 0.4 seconds - which is called diastole, before the next impulse came. Sinotrialus node produces between 60 to 72 impulses like this every minute when the heart is relaxed. Production of these impulses is also controlled by a part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system, which works out of our desire. Built-in electrical system that produces muscle contractions called cardiac rhythmic heartbeat.
Heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease is a deadly disease. Around the world, the number of patients with this disease continues to grow. These three categories of disease is not free from an unhealthy lifestyle is mostly done along with the changing pattern of life.
These factors trigger a heart attack is smoking, eating foods high cholesterol, lack of movement, supine exercise, stress, and lack of rest. If we suffer from this disease, really how ill.
HEART ATTACK
Heart attack is a condition when the damage suffered by the heart muscle (myocardium) is reduced due to sudden blood supply to the heart muscle. Reduced blood supply to the heart suddenly can occur when one of the coronary arteries terblocade for some time, either due to spasm - tighten the coronary arteries - or due to a blood clot - thrombus. Section of heart muscle that is usually supplied by a pulse of terblocade stops functioning properly immediately after splasme subsided by itself, the symptoms disappear completely and cardiac muscle function completely normally again. This is often called crescendo angina or coronary insufficiency. Conversely, if the blood supply to the heart stops altogether, the cells in question are permanent changes in just a few hours only and referred to the heart muscle is severely degraded or permanently damaged. Dead muscle is called infarction.
HEART ATTACK SYMPTOMS
These symptoms are usually different for each person. A heart attack may begin with pain is unclear, vague discomfort, or tightness in the front center chest. Sometimes, a heart attack caused only mild discomfort that was so often mistaken for indigestion, or even escape the attention at all. In this case, the only way that allows the detection of a heart attack is when should undergo ECG examination for other reasons that may not be related. On the other hand, a heart attack may present the worst pain ever experienced - a remarkable tightness or feeling stuck in your chest, throat or stomach. Can also sweating hot or cold, painful leg and a sense of fear that the end was approaching. Also may feel more comfortable when sitting than when lying down and breathing may be so crowded that can not be relaxed. Nausea and dizziness and even vomiting, are even more severe when it comes to collapse and unconsciousness.
There are some more specific symptoms, such as:- Pain. If the muscles are not getting enough blood (a condition called ischemia), then the inadequate oxygen and the metabolism of excessive causing cramps or spasms. Angina is a feeling of tightness in the chest or squeezing chest feeling, which arises when the heart muscle not getting enough blood. The type and severity of pain or discomfort varies in each person. Some people experience a lack of blood flow could not feel any pain at all (a condition called silent ischemia).
- Shortness of breath is a symptom commonly found in heart failure. Shortness is a result of the entry of fluid into the cavity of the air in the lungs (pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema).
- Fatigue or tiredness. If the heart is not pumping effectively, blood flow to the muscles during activity will be reduced, causing the patient to feel weak and tired. These symptoms are often mild. To overcome this, the patient usually is gradually reducing its activity or thought these symptoms as part of aging.
- Palpitations (heart palpitations)
- Dizziness & fainting. Decreased blood flow due to rate or abnormal heart rhythm or because of poor pumping ability, can cause dizziness and fainting.
SIGNS OF HEART DISEASE AND DIAGNOSIS
However, one very notion that a heart attack came like lightning in broad daylight. Heart attack is the culmination of a process of catastrophic damage that lasts a long time, which often involves emotional surprises, chaos physiological and mental fatigue. Early warning signs are so subjective and so subtle, so that even the doctors who are trained to objectively measure everything can still be ignored.
Based on perceived symptoms, a doctor can make a rational estimate of whether the symptoms that suggest heart attack or not. Suspicions may be confirmed by the appearance of the patient, the level of blood pressure and heartbeat sounds. The doctor will probably send him to the examination ECG and blood test, but if you still feel the pain, the doctor will probably give an injection pain before the examination. It's scary because the pain can be brought to the brink of a deeper, which can cause symptoms of heart. The pain can also cause long-term psychological effects. The first ECG may not show signs of heart attack and that the examination may be repeated. Sometimes the second test still showed no change, and during this, the diagnosis will rely on blood tests. The heart, like all other body cells, contain special chemicals called enzymes. When heart cells are damaged, the enzymes that are released in circulation with blood flow. After a heart attack, levels of this enzyme is partially straight up, but then these enzymes quickly break down and therefore not detected again after a day or two days; there is a new enzyme that released a few hours or few days later remains in the blood for several days or even a few weeks.
